Lower back pain is defined as pain, muscle tension and/or discomfort in the area between the lower rib arch and the gluteal sulcus with or without pain spreading to the leg. Second to respiratory problems, it is the most common cause of doctor’s visits. Given the frequency and the consequences it leaves on people, lower back pain (ili umjesto it: lumbago) is a major public health and socio-economic problem. Since family physicians are the first doctors that patients with lower back pain encounter, they have a great responsibility in making a diagnosis and making a decision about further treatment and therapy. The etiology of lower back pain is numerous, however, for most there is no specific and proven cause. Adequately collected anamnesis is still one of the most important tools which doctors use because it provides insight into the state of the musculoskeletal system of a person and allows exclusion of serious causes of lower back pain, also known as "red flags". Physical examination can provide insight into static and dynamic abnormalities and can guide the decision to perform further medical imaging, which has become an unnecessary routine in modern medicine. Treatment of lower back pain depends on its type, the impact on the quality of life, but also on the patient's capabilities, and includes pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. With increasing exposure to various stressors, the psychological approach to treating lower back pain is becoming increasingly important and common. Although it is still neglected, it can be crucial in making the correct diagnosis and choosing the direction of treatment.