Thyroid cancer can be divided into benign and malignant neoplasms. The most common benign neoplasm is follicular adenoma. Malignant neoplasms are papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic carcinoma, lymphoma and sarcoma. Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of malignant neoplasms. Etiopathogenesis of thyroid tumors is not enought explored. Radioactive radiation definitely affects on formation of thyroid neoplasms. Diagnosis includes a medical history, physical examination, basic functional tests of thyroid, Ultrasound of neck and thyroid, ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid., CT, MRI, serum levels of thyreoglobulin and calcitonin, serum TSH and finally hystopathologic analysis during surgery, where we setting the final diagnosis of thyroid gland node. Thyroid node is the most common initial findings of diagnostic processes, when we want to turn off the malignancy. Thyroid cancer is treated by surgery, usually total thyreoidectomy, postoperative radioiodine ablation, chemotherapy and external - beam radiation. Chemotherapy, and external – beam radiation is used when all treatment options are exhausted. Usually, advanced tumors that are inoperable have this treatment. The future brings target drugs which have specific blocking mechanisms for the expansion and growth of thyroid cancer.