Cardiothoracic radiology is a branch of radiology that is frequently used in emergency medicine due to numerous urgent conditions related to the thorax. The most common diagnostic modalities of cardiothoracic radiology are radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Pathologies related to the thorax in emergency medicine are numerous, but among the more important ones are acute myocardial infarction, acute aortic syndrome, pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pleural effusion, pulmonary thromboembolism, pneumonia, lung tumor, mediastinal masses, foreign bodies, rib and sternum fractures, lung abscess and empyema, septic emboli, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and cardiac decompensation. The choice of diagnostic modality and protocol primarily depends on the pathology, the patient's history and physical examination and on the radiologist's subjective opinion. The problem of modern medicine is the excessive use of radiological examinations, resulting in increased overall radiation exposure to the population, contributing to environmental pollution, and increasing the workload for radiologists. As a solution to this overload, radiologists will increasingly rely on AI algorithms in the near future, which will facilitate their work in several ways, including assistance in interpreting acquired images, improving image quality, reducing radiation dose in CT scans, and reducing scan time in MRI.