HIV is one of the most common infections of the immune system in human kind today. The virus uses it's enzyme know as reverse transcriptaze to translate it's RNA to the host's cell DNA. The disease is transmitted mainly through body fluids, especially blood, during intercourse and from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding, The clinical course of the disease itself is very extended; it starts as a mononucleosis like syndrome with headache, mialgia, weakness and similar mild symptoms and that is when the infection enter it's latent asymptomatic phase which can last up to 10 years. After this period, more and more chronic and persistent infections start to appear as a sign of a deteriorating immune system. When it comes to the dental treatment of a HIV patient, it's essential to recognize the oral cavity lesions closely related to the disease and to instruct the patients how to maintain an immaculate oral hygene which can lessen or even prevent these problems. The lesions strongly associated with HIV are : Candidiasis (erythematosus and pseudomembraneous), hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and periodontal disease (linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis). In those patients chronic infections like HSV, HPV, recurrent aphtous ulcers and xerostomia are also a very common problem. Although the approach of the doctor of dental medicine towards a healthy individual or HIV patient should not be different, it's very important to cosider the patient's blood cell count, especially leukocytes and trombocytes. Similarly, the proper use of prophylaxis when needed is crucial. Precaution and safety measures are essential to protect not only the therapist and his staff but as well every other patient. Also, every doctor must be well informed of the protocol in case of contact with a contaminated needle or infected blood.