The cause of schizophrenia remains unknown. Today, it is considered that schizophrenia might be heterogenous considering its etiology and that different mechanism cause more disease subtypes. Endocrine disorders are often combined with secondary psychiatric symptoms, while on the other hand, a significant percentage of patients with defined psychiatric syndromes show patterns of endocrine dysfunction. The literature review shows the existence of abnormal thyroid hormone, estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, prolactin and oxytocin levels in schizophrenic patients, but also in adolescents at high risk for schizophrenia. By reviewing new studies, several previous hypotheses are highlighted, including hypoestrogenism hypothesis and estrogen protection hypothesis There is increasing interest in the application of SERMs as adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia, and intranasal administration of oxytocin The hypothesis that the HPA activity and neuroendocrine abnormalities can trigger the expression of psychotic symptoms is confirmed by new research, with a substantially larger number of participants. Hyperprolactinemia occurs as a side effect of treatment, but it is recently revealed in a group of patients with first episode of psychosis, who were without therapy By applying oxytocin in the amygdala, improvement in social withdrawal is achieved and this might be explained by the hypothesis that the effect of oxytocin in social behavior is mediated by the interaction of emotion-processing parts of amygdala and its dopaminergic connections.