Title Uloga kalpaina u smrti srčanih stanica
Title (english) The role of calpain in cardiac cell death
Author Leon Kunišek
Mentor Koviljka Matušan Ilijaš (mentor)
Mentor Igor Medved (komentor)
Committee member Miljenko Kovačević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ivan Bačić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Andrea Dekanić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2022, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 61 - Medical sciences
Thesaurus (MESH - Medical Subject Headings )
Apoptosis
Myocardial Infarction
Calpain
Forensic Pathology
Immunohistochemistry
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Abstract Cilj istraživanja: Cilj doktorskog rada bio je analizirani izražaj kalpaina 2, kalpaina 10 i
stupnja apoptoze stanica srca (miocita i nemiocita) uključenih u mehanizme stanične smrti te
ih usporediti između skupine preminulih osoba od iznenadne srčane smrti (engl. sudden
cardiac death, SCD) s i bez šećerne bolesti uzrokovane ranom srčanom ishemijom (engl. early
myocardial ischemia, EMI) i akutnim infarktom miokarda (engl. acute myocardial infarction,
AMI) i kontrolne skupine. Također cilj je bio utvrditi postojanje povezanosti između
ispitivanih parametara kao i izražaj kalpaina i apoptotičke aktivnosti stanica srca s obzirom na
spol.
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u tri skupine: u prvoj skupini je bio 101
ispitanik koji je preminuo od SCD-a uzrokovanog EMI i AMI-em kojem je tijekom sudskomedicinske obdukcije uzet uzorak tkiva iz zone ishemije/infarkta i suprotne stijenke miokarda
lijeve klijetke. U drugoj skupini je bilo 54 ispitanika koji su preminuli od SCD-a uzrokovanog
EMI i AMI-em, a bolovali su od šećerne bolesti tip II. U kontrolnoj skupini je bilo 50
ispitanika koji su preminuli od nagle moždane smrti uslijed prostrijelne rane glave i kojima je
tijekom sudsko-medicinske obdukcije uzet uzorak tkiva iz prednje i stražnje stijenke
miokarda lijeve klijetke. lzražaj kalpaina 2 i kalpaina 10 u stanicama srca analiziran je
imunohistokemijskom metodom dok je stupanj apoptoze analiziran TUNEL-metodom.
Rezultati: Kalpain 2 miocita pokazuje veći izražaj u zoni rane ishemije (te još veći u zoni
infarkta) u odnosu na suprotnu stijenku i kontrolnu grupu (P<0.0001) dok je kalpain 10
miocita većeg izražaja u suprotnoj stijenci i kontrolnoj grupi (P<0.0001) uz negativnu
korelaciju sa stupnjem apoptoze (P=0.002). Apoptotička aktivnost miocita pozitivno korelira s
dobi ispitanika u području rane ishemije/infarkta i na suprotnoj stijenci miokarda (P=0.0004)
te prati izražaj kalpaina 2 u miocita (P=0.048). Kalpain 2 pozitivni miociti iz područja rane
ishemije/infarkta miokarda 106.72 puta povećavaju rizik nastanka apoptoze dok ga kalpain 10
pozitivni miociti smanjuju za 88%. Rizik događaja AMI u ispitanika s visokim stupnjem
apoptotičke aktivnosti u miocitima veći je za 2.15 puta. Također endotelne, glatkomišićne
stanice i leukociti pokazuju veći izražaj kalpaina 2 u zoni rane ishemije/infarkta u odnosu na
suprotnu stijenku (P<0.0001; P=0.0078; P=0.0001) i kontrolnu grupu (P<0.0001; P=0.011;
P<0.0001), dok je izražaj kalpaina 10 pokazivao obrnuti obrazac samo u endotelnim
stanicama (P=0.0005). Miociti, endotelne i glatkomišićne stanice pokazuju manji izražaj
kalpaina 2 u zoni infarkta skupine 2 u usporedbi sa zonom infarkta skupine 1. Miociti, endotelne stanice i leukociti pokazuju veći izražaj kalpaina 10 u zoni rane ishemije skupine 2
u odnosu na zonu rane ishemije skupine 1 (P=0.046; P=0.049; P=0.017). Jedino miociti u zoni
infarkta skupine 2 pokazuju veći izražaj kalpaina 10 u odnosu na zonu infarkta skupine 1
(P=0.001).
Zaključak: Utjecaj ishemije kao i njezine dužine se odražava na intenzitet aktivacije kalpaina
2 miocita što dovodi do povećanja apoptoze miocita te je isti mehanizam zamijećen i kod
nekih nemiocita srca. Kalpain 10 u miocitima iz područja ishemije/infarkta miokarda djeluje
„protektivno“ i štiti miocite od apoptoze. Medikamentozno regulirana šećerna bolest pokazuje
drugačiju aktivaciju kalpaina te je generalno povezana s većom razinom kalpaina 10 u
miocitima i nemiocitima. Ne postoje spolne razlike u izražaju kalpaina i apoptotičke
aktivnosti miocita. Izražaj kalpaina 2 može služiti kao forenzični marker za SCD uzrokovanu
EMI-em
Abstract (english) Objectives: The aim of the doctoral dissertation was to analyze the expression of calpain 2,
calpain 10 and the degree of apoptosis of the heart cells that express it and to compare them
between the examined groups of people who died of sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by
early myocardial ischemia (EMI)/acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and control groups. Also
determine the existence of a correlation between the examined parameters as well as the
expression of calpain and apoptotic activity of heart cells with respect to sex.
Patients and Methods: Respondents were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of
101 persons who died of SCD caused by EMI and AMI in the period from January 2013 to
August 2019. The tissue samples were taken from the zone of ischemia/infarction and the
opposite wall during a forensic autopsy at Department of Forensic Medicine and
Criminalistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka. Group 2 consisted of 54 persons
who died of SCD caused by EMI and AMI and suffered from type II diabetes. The control
group included myocardial samples obtained from 50 persons who died of instant death by
head gunshot. The expression of calpain 2 and calpain 10 in the studied heart cells was
analyzed immunohistochemically, while the degree of apoptosis was determined by the
TUNEL method. Statistical data processing was performed using the computer program
MedCalcStatistical Software version 20.011.
Results: Calpain 2 in myocytes show greater expression in the zone of EMI (and even greater
in AMI zone) compared to the opposite wall and control group (P <0.0001). Calpain 10 in
myocytes are more pronounced in the opposite wall and control group (P <0.0001) with
negative correlation with the degree of apoposis (P = 0.002). Apoptotic activity of myocytes
positively correlates with the age of persons in the area of EMI/AMI, also on the opposite
wall of the myocardium (P = 0.0004) and correlates the expression of calpain 2 in myocytes
(P = 0.048). Calpain 2 positive myocytes from the area of EMI/AMI increase the risk of
apoptosis 106.72-fold while calpain 10 positive myocytes reduce it by 88%. The risk of AMI
in persons with a high degree of apoptotic activity in myocytes is 2.15-fold higher. Also
endothelial, smooth muscle cells and leukocytes show a higher expression of calpain 2 in the
zone of EMI/AMI compared to the opposite wall (P <0.0001; P = 0.0078; P = 0.0001) and the
control group (P <0.0001; P=0.011; P=<0.0001), while the expression of calpain 10 showed
the reverse pattern only in endothelial cells (P=0.0005). Myocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells show lower expression of calpain 2 in the group 2 AMI zone compared to group
1 AMI zone. Myocytes, endothelial cells and leukocytes show higher expression of calpain 10
in the group 2 EMI zone compared to the group 1 EMI zone (P =0.046; P=0.049; P=0.017).
Only myocytes in the group 2 AMI zone show a higher expression of calpain 10 compared to
the group 1 AMI zone (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The influence of ischemia as well as its length is reflected in the intensity of
activation of calpain 2 myocytes. Calpain 10 in myocytes from the EMI/AMI area acts
"protectively" and protects myocytes from apoptosis. Hypoglycemic drugs regulated diabetes
is associated with higher levels of calpain 10 in myocytes and nonmyocytes. There are no sex
differences in myocytes calpain expression and apoptotic activity. The expression of calpain 2
in cardiomyocytes is a specific and sensitive diagnostic marker for SCD caused by EMI.
Keywords
Apoptoza
Akutni infarkt miokarda
Forenzična patologija
Imunohistokemija
Iznenadna srčana smrt
Kalpain
Rana srčana ishemija.
Keywords (english)
Apoptosis
Acute myocardial infarction
Calpain
Early myocardial ischemia
Forensic pathology
Immunohistochemistry
Sudden cardiac death
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:000270
Promotion 2022
Study programme Title: Biomedicine Postgraduate (doctoral) study programme Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biomedicine i zdravstvo (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biomedicine i zdravstvo)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2022-10-20 08:27:48