| Abstract | Melanocitni nevusi (madeži) su dobroćudne pigmentirane promjene koje najčešće predstavljaju samo estetsko obilježje, za razliku od malignog melanoma koji je potencijalno smrtonosan. Zbog moguće maligne alteracije, kao i zbog ponekad teškog razlikovanja dobroćudnog nevusa od zloćudnog melanoma, melanocitni nevusi predstavljaju jedno od najvažnijih područja dermatologije odnosno dermatološke onkologije. Postoji više podjela melanocitnih nevusa, a ona osnovna je na prirođene i stečene. Histološki se, temeljem distribucije melanocitnih nakupina u koži, nevusi dijele na junkcijske, složene i dermalne. Prema morfološkim obilježjima vidljivim dermatoskopom, nevusi mogu biti retikularni, globularni, zvjezdasti, bestrukturni (plavi), nevusi uvjetovani lokalizacijom, nevusi posebnih karakteristika i drugih podtipova. Često je prisutno preklapanje karakteristika između različitih skupina nevusa, prvenstveno zbog njihovog mijenjanja tijekom života, pa je jasne granice ponekad teško definirati. Nevusi su pod utjecajem okolišnih (ultraljubičaste zrake), hormonskih i genetskih čimbenika. Neki od njih podliježu promjenama, stoga ih je potrebno redovito pratiti, osobito jer se, prema podatcima različitih istraživanja, nešto više od 25% melanoma razvija iz melanocitnih nevusa. Poznavanje kliničkih i dermatoskopskih obilježja melanocitnih nevusa izuzetno je važno radi adekvatnog praćenja postojećih nevusa s ciljem što ranije dijagnostike melanoma. |
| Abstract (english) | Melanocytic nevi are benign pigmented proliferations that most often represent only an aesthetic feature, as opposed to malignant melanoma that is potentially fatal. Because of the possibility of malignant transformation, and due to occasionally difficult differentiation between benign nevi and malignant melanoma, melanocytic nevi represent one of the most important areas of dermatology and dermatological oncology. There are several classification schemes of melanocytic nevi, but they can be basically divided into congenital and acquired. Histologically, based on the distribution of melanocytes within the skin layers, nevi are divided into junctional, compound and intradermal. In accordance with the morphological features visible with dermatoscope, nevi can be divided into reticular, globular, starburst, homogenous (blue) nevi, nevi of special sites, nevi with special characteristics, and other subtypes. There is often a certain amount of overlap between different groups of nevi, primarily due to the alterations occuring within melanocytic lesions in course of a lifetime, so that clear boundaries are oftentimes difficult to define. Nevi are influenced by the environmental (exposure to ultraviolet light), hormonal and genetic factors. Nevi need to be monitored regularly, especially since, according to various studies, slightly more than 25% of melanomas develop from melanocytic lesions. Knowledge of the clinical and dermatoscopic features of melanocytic nevi is extremely important for their adequate monitoring with the aim of early diagnosis of melanoma |
