Title (croatian) Zašto je važno zdravlje bioloških membrana Title (english) The importance of biological membranes’ health Author Alena Buretić-Tomljanović Author's institution University of Rijeka Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract (croatian) Membranski sustav stanice dinamična je struktura koja prožima čitavu citoplazmu i u kojoj su pojedine membrane u stalnoj i kontroliranoj mijeni i interakciji. Lipidi, kao jedna od glavnih strukturnih komponenti biomembrana, jesu kompozicijski složene molekule bez dobro definirane molekulske strukture, ali s raznovrsnim potencijalnim ulogama. Znanstvena istraživanja omogućila su bolje upoznavanje uloge lipida u održavanju stanične homeostaze i sveukupnog zdravlja organizma. Biološke membrane posrednici su u interakciji stanica sa staničnom okolinom i prijenosu informacija prema jezgri. Okolišni čimbenici, ponajprije određeni nutrijenti (masne kiseline i drugi), putem specifičnih transkripcijskih čimbenika i/ili epigenetičkih mehanizama reguliraju aktivnost brojnih gena čime moduliraju interpretaciju našeg nasljeđa. Masne kiseline, naročito višestrukonezasićene (engl. polyunsaturated fatty acids; PUFA), ključna su strukturna i funkcijska komponenta membranskih fosfolipida. Sadržaj PUFA (posebice dokozaheksaenske kiseline, ali i drugih) u membranskim fosfolipidima regulira transportne i signalne procese (organizaciju i funkciju lateralnih domena) te modulira fizikalna, kemijska i električna svojstva bioloških membrana. Njihova neuravnotežena lipidna kompozicija (posebice nedostatak PUFA iz obitelji n-3, kolesterola i/ili određenih sfingolipida) može prouzročiti stres endoplazmatskog retikuluma, što će remetiti membransku dinamiku, potaknuti upalne procese u stanicama, dugoročno narušavati staničnu homeostazu i ubrzati fiziološki proces starenja. PUFA-e, njihovi derivati te mononezasićene i zasićene masne kiseline posjeduju različit upalni potencijal što upućuje na važnost relativne zastupljenosti specifičnih masnih kiselina u prehrani čovjeka. Esencijalne PUFA-e čovjek mora unijeti prehranom, a stanična i fiziologija bioloških membrana zahtijevaju kontinuirani unos i prethodno formuliranih dugolančanih PUFA tijekom razvojnih procesa i u adultnoj dobi. Dugotrajna prisutnost upalnih procesa niskoga stupnja, koja bi mogla biti povezana s abnormalnom kompozicijom bioloških membrana, u znanstvenoj je literaturi prepoznata kao osnova neurodegenerativnih, psihijatrijskih i drugih kroničnih bolesti čovjeka.
Abstract (english) Biological membranes of the cell compose a dynamic structure spread throughout the cytoplasm. The lateral organization of membranes changes according to the composition of the two bilayers, enabling signalling processes and substantial interactions between different organellar and the cellular membrane. Lipids, one of the main structural components of biological membranes show high compositional complexity, no well-defined molecular structure, and versatile functions. Scientific research enabled deeper insight into functional capabilities of different lipid molecules in maintaining cellular homeostasis and health in general. Biological membranes mediate environmental influences and signal transfer to the cell nucleus. Through the specific transcription factors and/or epigenetic mechanisms, nutrients (fatty acids and others), act as important environmental factors, regulate numerous genes’ expression, and modulate the phenotypic expression of the individuals’ genes. Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represent the main structural and functional component of the membrane phospholipids. PUFA content (mainly docosahexaenoic acid, but also others) of the phospholipids modulate physical, chemical, and electrical features of the biological membranes. Unbalanced membrane lipid composition (deficit of n-3 family of PUFA, cholesterol, and/or particular sphingolipids) may disturb membrane dynamics and cellular homeostasis initiating endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory processes, and speeding up aging. PUFA, their derivatives, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids possess versatile inflammatory potential that points to the relevance of the relative content of different fatty acids in the human diet. Essential PUFA must be available in the human diet, but cellular and membrane physiology also demands continuos dietary intake of long-chain PUFA from early development throughout the lifetime. Low-grade inflammation processes, that might be related to the biological membranes’ composition and physiology, are widely recognized in the scientific literature as basis for neurodegenerative, psychiatric and other chronic diseases in humans.
Keywords (croatian)
dokozaheksaenska kiselina
kronične bolesti
lipidi
membrane
prehrana
upala
Keywords (english)
chronic disease
diet
docosahexaenoic acid
inflammation
lipids
membranes
Language croatian Publication type Scientific paper - review paper Publication status Published Peer review Peer review Publication version Published version Journal title Medicina Fluminensis : Medicina Fluminensis Numbering vol. 50., no. 4, pp. 319-413 p-ISSN 0025-7729 URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:022090 Publication 2014-12-01 Document URL http://hrcak.srce.hr/129782 Type of resource Text Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2017-05-12 10:16:16
