Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disease that affects all age groups and represents a major clinical problem that significantly impairs the quality of life. Reflux of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus, mouth and airways causes a number of symptoms and complications. GERD symptoms can be classified as typical esophageal and atypical extraesophageal. Typical symptoms of GERD include heartburn and regurgitation of stomach contents into the oropharynx. Extraesophageal symptoms of GERD include dental erosions, laryngitis, chronic cough, and asthma. Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, hiatal hernia, defects of the antireflux barrier, and esophageal peristalsis disorders are among the basic causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease. To establish a diagnosis, endoscopy, i.e. esophagogastroduodenoscopy with cytological washing and/or biopsy of abnormal areas, is a necessary test to successfully assess the severity and classification of GERD. Patients with alarming symptoms such as anemia, weight loss, and dysphagia with a history of chronic GERD who are more than 50 years old should undergo endoscopic screening for Barrett's esophagus. Of the other diagnostic procedures, 24-hour pH-metry and high-resolution esophageal manometry should be singled out. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, especially untreated, can lead to esophageal or extraesophageal complications. Complications can be the result of direct inflammation due to refluxate or arise as a result of the reparative process (eg peptic stricture and Barrett's metaplasia). The first line of treatment for GERD is a change in lifestyle, followed by pharmacological therapy with antacids, proton pump inhibitors and histamine 2 receptor blockers. In patients who are found to be resistant to pharmacological treatment or have contraindications for the use of drugs, the next step is therapeutic endoscopy. The last therapeutic option includes surgical techniques, the most common of which is laparoscopic fundoplication.