Congenital anomalies of the urinary bladder are rare birth anomalies caused by a combination of genetic disorders and the action of external factors. The incidence of occurrence is the lowest of all congenital anomalies of the urinary system, which is 1:50:000 live births, although it accounts for 30% of all anomalies of the urinary system. Congenital anomalies of the urinary bladder can be diagnosed prenatally or postnatally within a few hours of the child's birth. They can be isolated or arise as part of different syndromes. The most common anomalies that occur are exstrophy of the urinary bladder, diverticula of the urinary bladder, neurogenic bladder, megacystis syndrome and agenesis, which is a very rare anomaly that often does not merge with life. Apart from agenesis, other anomalies appear more often in boys than in girls. The function of the bladder itself requires the perfect action of neural – muscular - hormonal stimuli that cause emptying and storage of urine, which is the main task of the bladder. The therapy of these previously mentioned anomalies is also focused primarily on the surgical repair of anatomical defects in the structure of the urinary bladder that is affected by the congenital anomaly, enabling normal urine storage, urinary continence, the possibility of further normal development of the urinary bladder and care to avoid later infections of the urinary tract. obstructions, urinary incontinence and chronic inflammation as a possible basis for a higher incidence of malignant diseases.