Benign breast lesions are the most common diagnoses doctors encounter when treating patients with breast changes. Although benign in nature, they cause concern and require careful evaluation and accurate diagnosis in order to correctly determine further care procedures. The clinical presentation includes a wide range of symptoms, from an incidentally discovered lesion on a routine mammographic examination to a palpable mass, discharge, or skin change. For this reason, each patient requires an individual, holistic approach that includes clinical examination, radiological assessment and pathohistological evaluation of the lesion. Benign lesions are a heterogeneous group that includes inflammatory conditions, proliferative diseases and benign tumors, and each of these categories contains a multitude of entities that can pose a diagnostic challenge. This paper presents the most common benign lesions and their radiological and pathohistological characteristics with an emphasis on those components that can lead the diagnostician in the wrong direction and thus lead to a wrong diagnosis. The high incidence of benign breast conditions mimicking malignant disease indicates that careful correlation between radiological and pathological findings is necessary.