Kidneys are paired organs located retroperitoneally and are part of the urinary system. The main task of the kidneys is to filter the blood and they are essential for the normal functioning of the body. Kidney tumors are common tumors and are most often found accidentally on imaging tests. The most common malignant kidney tumor is renal cell carcinoma. Treatment of kidney tumors is surgical, medicinal, radiation or minimally invasive methods. Radical nephrectomy is the "gold standard" in treatment and today it can be performed by laparoscopy, which is minimally invasive. The laparoscopic approach has an advantage over the open one due to reduced pain at the incision site and consequently less use of analgesics, shorter postoperative recovery, better assessment of lost blood, smaller incision and nephron preservation. Minimally invasive methods of kidney cancer treatment are: percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation and ultrasound ablation. These methods are used more and more because they have reduced morbidity, shorter hospitalization time and the possibility of treating patients who have a high surgical risk. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is the most commonly used ablation method because it is the most researched. RFA leads to complete ablation of tumors smaller than 3 cm. The advantages of this method are minimal invasiveness, reduced pain and shorter hospital stay. The principle of operation of radiofrequency ablation is based on the transformation of electrical energy into heat. Cryoablation is a procedure in which a cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used at a temperature of less than 25° to freeze and destroy tumor tissue. Microwave ablation is a technique that uses heat from microwave energy of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation between 300 MHz and 300 Ghz, to destroy tumor cells.