In neonatal care, PDA remains a major problem, especially for preterm infants. This thesis reviews the current knowledge on PDA, emphasizing the difficulties and disagreements surrounding its diagnosis and management. Normally, the DA, crucial for fetal development, closes shortly after birth; in premature infants, it frequently stays patent. Severe side effects from hsPDA can include heart failure, respiratory distress, and an elevated risk of various morbidities like IVH, BPD, and NEC. Pharmacological therapies, typically NSAIDs like indomethacin and ibuprofen, are frequently used. However, there is a risk of renal impairment and gastrointestinal problems. Another alternative is surgical closure, but it is usually saved for situations where pharmacological therapy is ineffective. Echocardiography plays a crucial role in detecting and assessing PDA; it determines the presence and severity, makes treatment decisions, and evaluates the effectiveness of therapy. Nonetheless, various descriptions of hsPDA are used, which emphasizes the necessity of standardized testing and therapeutic approaches. Early indomethacin administration as a preventive measure , to avoid PDA problems has been investigated in recent research. Emerging pharmaceutical treatments and the development of less invasive surgical methods present promising paths toward enhancing outcomes for preterm newborns with PDA. In conclusion, while enormous progress has been achieved in understanding and managing PDA, more research is required to produce standardized, evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and therapy. Balancing the benefits and risks of PDA therapies is crucial to optimize the health and development of preterm infants.