Celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by gluten sensitivity in genetically predisposed individuals. It is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane, hyperplasia of the crypts and atrophy of the villi. Duodenum and jejunum are most often affected. The prevalence of celiac disease is about 1%, and in recent years the prevalence of the disease has increased. Genetic and immunological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. The clinical manifestations of celiac disease are divided into symptomatic disease and subclinical disease. Symptomatic disease may include gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Gastrointestinal symptoms include diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, gastroesophageal reflux disease, etc. The most common extraintestinal symptoms include anemia, osteoporosis, gluten ataxia, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Subclinical disease implies the absence of symptoms and signs that would raise suspicion of the disease in clinical setting. In addition to the medical history and physical examination, serology and endoscopy with biopsy and histological findings are required to establish the diagnosis of celiac disease. The basis of the treatment of celiac disease is a gluten-free diet, and studies are currently being conducted with the aim of developing pharmacotherapy for celiac disease.