Prematurity, being born before the 37th week of gestation, carries with it a whole series of risks and consequences. The risks increase the smaller the GA and birth weight, and the greater the brain damage at the time of birth. Despite the fact that the mortality of such children has been decreasing over the years, primarily due to the progress of intensive care units in neonatal care, it has been shown that a large number of premature babies have a whole series of short-term and long-term complications. This thesis is focused on mental disorders, behavioral disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders as defined by ICD-11 in group 06. A large number of studies dealing with the mental outcomes of prematurity determined the correlation of prematurity and increased risk for certain disorders from this group. Since some of the mentioned disorders sometimes appear only in adulthood, there are unfortunately not many studies, especially those with a large sample, as they require long-term follow-up and/or organized registries. There are very useful national studies, such as Denmark or Sweden, which over a long period of time analyzed the entire population of prematurely born children and observed the frequency of mental disorders in adulthood. It was found that the risk increases most often for disorders of intellectual development, learning disorders, motor coordination disorders, ASD, ADHD, and there is also a certain risk for depression, bipolar affective disorder, psychosis and anxiety.