A prolonged pregnancy is considered to be a pregnancy lasting more than 42 weeks, more than 294 days from the first day of the last menstruation or more than 14 days from the determined day of birth. The incidence of prolonged pregnancy varies from less than 1 to more than 15% depending on the study and the method of determining gestational age. The etiological factors of prolonged pregnancies are still relatively unknown and insufficiently investigated. Prolonged pregnancies have a higher risk of adverse outcomes and this risk increases with gestational age. Numerous consequences of prolonged pregnancies in mothers and newborns have been presented. Thus, mothers can experience various trauma due to childbirth interventions as well as psychological consequences due to anticipation and fear. In newborns, prolonged pregnancies increase the risk of incidence of intrauterine and neonatal morbidity and mortality, Since almost all complications increase with prolongation of gestational age, it is important to accurately determine it as well as constant and intensive care that includes monitoring fetal movement and general maternal status to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes for the mother and newborn.