Complications of periodontal surgical procedures can affect different structures of the oral cavity. These include pain which occurs during and / or after surgery; complications related to blood vessel damage such as bleeding and hematoma; complications associated with the nerves that appear with different clinical symptoms from anesthesia to hyperalgesia; changes in the soft tissues (damage and flap necrosis, pigmentation, scars, excess of tissue) and hard tissues (exposure and disorders associated with osseointegration); and complications related to the local application of anesthetic, local or systemic manifestations. Before the procedure, it is important to obtain all the details of the history of the patient (special focus on diseases, drugs and risky behavior). During the procedure, it is important to know anatomical structures in designated area and pay particular attention to the entire state of the patient. When the procedure is complete, patient must be informed of the proper post-operative care to help wounds heal appropriately. In case of complications it is important to make a diagnosis and react as soon as possible in order to prevent further deterioration. Some of these changes can lead to life-threatening situations if not treated in the proper way and timely manner.