Pharyngitis is one of the most common illness in children and adults with more than 12 million cases per year. Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis with 15 to 30% of all cases of pharyngitis occuring in children between the ages of 5 and 15. Usually, the incidence peaks during the early spring and winter. Illness typically has an abrupt onset. Some of the major symptoms of bacterial infection are: exudative tonsillopharyngitis, fever, enlarged tender anterior cervical lymph nodes and absence of cough. Following the initial clinical suspicion along with basic lab results, additional testing may be required to confirm the diagnosis (throat culture, rapid antigen detection test, or molecular assay for pyogenic streptococci). Antibiotic treatment is recommended for every patient with symptomatic pharyngitis or tonsillopharyngitis who has a positive test. The first treatmant of choice is penicillin, due to its efficacy , non-existent bacterial resistance, safety and acceptable price. Cephalosporins, macrolides and lincosamides are alternatives for patients who cannot tolerate penicillin because of allergy or some other reasons. Complications of non-threated infection can be suppurative and nonsuppurative. The differential diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis includes both infectious and noninfectious causes. Most patients with negative microbiologic tests for Streptoccocus have viral infection which is considered as self- limited condition and can be treated symptomatically.