Amoebiasis implies an infective disease caused by amoebas, from which the biggest number of cases is caused by the species E. histolytica. There are other species of the genus Entamoeba, like E. dispar, E. moshkovskii, E. bangladeshi, which are commensals of human intestines. Amoebiasis is spread among poorer regions of the world (Africa, India, Middle and South America). E. histolytica infection can be presented as an intestinal and an extraintestinal amoebiasis. Intestinal form of an infection comprehends clinical entities like asymptomatic carrier state, amoebic colitis, amoebic dysentery, fulminant amoebic colitis and amoebomas. Extraintestinal form implies pleuropulmonal amoebiasis, abscesses of liver, brain, spleen, kidneys, skin, uterus, vagina, endocarditis, pericarditis, peritonitis... Diagnosis of amoebiasis can be obtained by a variety of diagnostic methods: microscopy, serologic analysis, stool samples, antigen detection test, PCR, imaging methods (ultrasound, CT, MR) and certain newer methods which are still not applied widely (singlechain fragment-variable probes, luminex assay, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, TaqMan array card, broad-spectrum Entamoeba polymerase chain reaction coupled with pyrosequencing). As for diferential diagnosis of amoebiasis, it can resemble intestinal infections caused by enterobacteria or viruses. Every isolate of E. histolytica needs to be treated with amoebicides. Free-living amoebae do not require a human organism for a survival, but if they enter a human body, they can cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis and dermatitis and infections of other parts of a body. It is indispensable to recognize these clinical syndromes in time and begin a treatment as soon as possible.