The varicella-zoster virus is one of the eight types of herpes viruses known to be pathogenic only for humans. After entering the body, the virus propagates in the lymphatic system and regional lymph nodes. It then disseminates towards the skin and mucous membranes causing a generalized vesicular rash and the onset of varicella (chickenpox). After the primary infection or vaccination, VZV will stay in the latent state in the sensory cells of the spinal or basal ganglia. Various factors, such as aging, stress, immunodeficiency and immunosuppressive medications, can enable the reactivation of the virus and the onset of herpes zoster. The herpes zoster infection is usually characterized by a one-sided, painful vesicular rash limited to a specific dermatome. VZV infections also create lesions of the oral mucosa. The oral and perioral manifestations of the varicella virus are rather common and can be a precursor to the skin lesions. The lesions most often appear on the lip edges and the palate and, successively, on the buccal mucosa. The gingiva, cheek, the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, and oropharynx are areas where lesions can also appear. Each lesion is firstly a small vesicle, which ruptures in a short time, causing ulcerations. Herpes zoster of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve creates vesicles on the palate, uvula, and tonsils. If there is an infection of the mandibular branch, the vesicles will then appear on the front (oral) part of the tongue, the floor of the oral cavity and buccal mucosa. The oral herpes zoster has the appearance of small, scattered, painful vesicles, or ulcers, placed unilaterally.