The obstruction of the small and large intestine is one of the most common anomaly of the digestive system, which requires a surgical procedure in the first hours after birth. There is a wide range of pathological conditions that can cause intestinal obstruction, of which most often is jejunoileal atresia. Beside intestinal atresia, the term low ileus includes a lot of other possible anomalies, such as meconium ileus, intestinal malrotation, invagination, and other pathological conditions. Dominating symptoms in the clinical presentation of low ileus include vomiting, abdominal distension and absence of the meconium stool. Diagnosis of low ileus is based on the heteroanamnesis, clinical presentation and x-ray examinations, which are the main diagnostic tool to determine final diagnosis. Treatment of intestinal atresia is surgical and there are several different operating techniques, which are chosen based on the type of atresia and experience of the surgeon. Complications may occur as part of surgical treatment, which, depending on time of occurrence, may be early or late. Among the most common complications are surgical wound infection, dehiscence of newly formed intestinal anastomosis, absence of peristalsis, short bowel syndrome, peritonitis and sepsis. Prognosis of low ileus in newborns is, despite potential complications, good, with a high survival rate, which exceeds 90% of live-born children with congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities.