Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death and morbidity around the world and therefore are one of the biggest public health problems today. The World Health Organization estimates that 17.7 million people die from the effects of cardiovascular diseases every year and that 80% of those who have died due to this, died mostly of myocardial infarction and stroke. In the Republic of Croatia in 2016, the proportion of cardiovascular deaths is 45%. Prevention of cardiovascular disease is the best measure we can take to prevent the onset of any disease in this group. Prevention is divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary, and strategies of prevention can be on the whole population or individual. Risk factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases are numerous, and the most significant are: arterial hypertension, smoking and dyslipidemia. General practitioners play an important role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As part of the primary health care, they are the first who have the ability and obligation to identify patients with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. To these patients, cardiovascular risk is accessed by using the SCORE table, and with the results given the further therapy and / or diagnostic procedures are determined. Continuous monitoring and encouraging of these patients further helps us to achieve the desired goal. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases as a part of general practice, involves effective prevention and control of the risk factors. A general practitioner can have an impact on treatment and control of: hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking habits, lifestyle, obesity and metabolic syndrome, diabetes and some psychiatric disorders. The possibilities for their treatment and control are described in the text.