Lung cancer at younger age predominantly affects women, non-smoking and Asian ethnicity. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type. At the time of diagnosis 75% of the patients are already at an advanced stage of disease. Compared with older patients the pain is significantly more common in the younger population, and it can be correlated with a high incidence of grasping the mediastinum, pleura, chest and advanced stage of the disease. High levels of amplification in the long arm of chromosome 20, the existance of ALK and EGFR mutations are considered to be involved in the causation of lung adenocarcinom in young age groups. The percentage of ALK positive NSCLC is 5 to 10% of all lung adenocarcinoma, while EGFR mutation rate is not different in comparison with older patients. Increasingly important role has diagnostic molecular test that determines the status of ALK and EGFR mutations and thus enables targeted therapy that will have desired effect and contribute to improved diagnosis. ALK and EGFR mutations are correlated with better response to specific chemotherapeutic drugs such as EGFR-TKI and ALK inibitor. Despite the progress of treatment the five-year survival rate is 9-20%.