Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital defect of the diaphragm resulting from a disruption of the embryonic development of the diaphragm. The etiology of CDH is still unknown, but it is assumed that multiple factors are involved. Due to disorders in the development of the diaphragm, there is abnormal communication between the thoracic and abdominal cavity, which causes the protrusion of abdominal organs into the thorax. Protruding organs interfere with the development of the organs in the thoracic cavity, primarily with the development of the lungs. Pathophysiologically, the most important changes that occur due to CDH are changes in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems: pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction. The diagnosis of CDH is most often made during pregnancy, on a routine ultrasound examination of the pregnant woman. The clinical signs directly correlate with the degree of hypoplasia of the lungs and pulmonary hypertension. Depending on this, in the first 24-48 hours after delivery, the newborn may develop acute respiratory distress. In addition to respiratory symptoms, CDH may also cause gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal disorders, development disorders and hearing loss. Treatment of CDH is based on the establishment of regular saturation and ventilation after delivery and elective surgical repair after the establishment of hemodynamic stability of the newborn.