Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small intestine caused by hypersensitivity to gluten because of the genetic basis of the disease, changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and viral infections. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex because the activated mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity result in histological changes in the form of inflammation of the small intestine, atrophy of intestinal villi and hyperplasia of the crypts, leading to the appearance of clinical symptoms of the disease. The clinical presentation is diverse because the disease can manifest itself in other organ systems besides the gastrointestinal tract, thus leading to more serious consequences. Gastrointestinal symptoms most often in patients are diarrhoea, flatulence, aphthous stomatitis, constipation, chronic abdominal pain and vomiting, while extraintestinal symptoms often include osteoporosis, anaemia and Dermatitis herpetiformis. The frequency of the disease in the population is determined by serological tests and small intestine biopsy, which shows the degree of intestinal villi damage. Celiac disease is diagnosed if 4 out of 5 criteria are met (clinical symptoms, serological and genetic tests, biopsy, response to therapy). Currently, the only available therapy used in the treatment of patients with celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which means avoiding products containing gluten.