Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic, multifactorial respiratory disease of preterm infants that affects different lung structures and thus has different clinical presentations and outcomes. It is a disease whose etiopathogenesis involves various antenatal and postnatal risk factors, leading to injury to the immature lungs. Given the above, there is no single therapeutic strategy based on the etiopathogenesis of the disease itself. Emphasis is placed on the prevention of BPD, and for this purpose various interventions are used, the most effective of which are: antenatal administration of corticosteroids, postnatal administration of surfactant and selection of optimal mechanical ventilation settings and adequate nutritional support. Recent research indicates the potential benefit of stem cell and progenitor cell therapy, but further research is needed. BPD can have long-term consequences that require constant monitoring and therapy of such patients. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on the detection of predictive BPD biomarkers and early disease prevention, with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality from BPD.