Anemia is a frequent finding in preterm infants due to decreased endogenous erythropoietin production with subsequent supression of erythropoiesis, frequent phlebotomies (blood sampling for laboratory testing), and the shorter lifespan of erythrocites. Clinical presentation can vary from asymptomatic or mild symptoms such as palor and growth retardation, to cardiopulmonary symptoms and metabolic complications. The main treatment is the correction of anemia. During the last several decades, red blood cell transfusions are being being replaced by application of subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin. The aim of this study was to examine the role of recombinant erythropoietin in the correction of anemia and reduction of transfusions in preterm infants with anemia. The study included five patients with AOP treated with recombinant erythropoietin at the Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. Administration of recombinant erythropoietin resulted in a significant increase in reticulocyte counts after one week in all patients and a significant increase in red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration after one month of the treatment. Significant weight gain was observed in all patients. No complications were reported, and no patient received transfusion. Our results confirm the relevance of the use of erythropoietin in AOP.