Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CBD) is a group of chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of gastrointestinal tract, with a rising worldwide incidence and prevalence. Their most common systemic complication and extraintestinal manifestation, is anemia. Anemia occurs, regardless of the criteria, in 4% up to 67% of CBD patients, which significantly affects their quality of life. Any form of anemia can occur but sideropenic anemia is the most common. The second most common within CBD patients, is anemia of chronic diseases that occurs as a result of complex interactions of cytokines and cells of the reticuloendothelial system that affect iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis itself. According to the recommendations of the European Association for CB and UC, screening for anemia is done for all patients every 6-12 months, unless they are in the active phase or suffer from a more severe form of the disease, then screening is done every three months. Initial screening is performed based on the findings of complete blood counts, serum ferritin and CRP. Ferritin values alone are not reliable to distinguish ACD from sideropenic anemia, therefore transferrin saturation values, soluble forms of transferrin receptor, and hepcidin values are also considered. The therapeutic choice for mild and moderate sideropenic anemia is oral iron replacement. If a patient does not have an adequate response or does not tolerate preoral therapy or is severely anemic (<10 g / dL) then iron is given intravenously. In chronic anemia, the basis is to optimize the treatment of the underlying disease, which very often cures the anemia itself. If anemia is still present after optimization of therapy, erythropoiesis-stimulating drugs may be considered. Due to the fact that a large number of patients have a recidive of anemia even after anemia therapy, it is necessary to do the screening for anemia every three months in the first year, and later every 6-12 months.