abstract Aim: To show modern aproach in perserving fertility during cancer treatment, modern methods in use and their clinical value. Methods: Systematic review of the literature from 1987 to 2005 was performed including a search of online databases to study modern aproach in perserving fertility during cancer treatment, methods in use and their clinical value, and possibility of their implementation regarding our current conditiones. Results: Malignat disease is becoming more common in population of young women and survival rate is higher. At the same time, birth incidence is shifted to the older women population when the incidence of the cancer is increast. Malignant disease and its treatment may result in decreast fertility, which depends on many factors like: drug or size/location of the radiation field, dose, doseintensity, method of administration (oral versus intravenous), disease, age, sex and pretreatment fertility of the patient. To preserve the full range of options, fertility preservation approaches should be considered as early as possible during treatment planning. Sperm cryopreservation and embryo cryopreservation are the two most successful methods in perserving fertility. Conservative surgical approach and transposition of ovaries outside radiation field may also perserve fertility during treatment of some cancers. At the time, all other methods should be considered investigational. Although the data is limited, it seems that there is no increased risk of disease recurrence connected with the method of fertility perservation or pregnancy. There is no evidence that malignant disease, its treatment or methods of perserving fertility increase the risc of congenital anomalies in the progeny. Conclusion: Sperm cryopreservation in men and embryo cryopreservation in women are the most successful methods of perserving fertility in men and women undergoing treatment for cancer. Development of guidelines thogether with quality legal solutions are crucial for their implementation on the national level.