| Abstract (croatian) | Cilj: Prikazati karakteristike antirabične zaštite koja se provodi u antirabičnoj ambulanti Epidemiološkog odjela Rijeka Nastavnog zavoda za javno zdravstvo Primorsko-goranske županije u razdoblju od 1986. do 2021. godine. Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju su korišteni podatci antirabičnih anketa koje su dio godišnjeg izvješća koje se dostavlja Referentnom centru Ministarstva zdravstva za bjesnoću. Osobe koje su obrađivane i koje su primile antirabičnu zaštitu (imunoprofilaksu – postekspozicijsko cijepljenje protiv bjesnoće s humanim antirabičnim
imunoglobulinom ili bez njega) najvećim su udjelom stanovnici Primorsko-goranske županije, odnosno grada Rijeke. Rezultati: U antirabičnoj ambulanti od 1986. do 2021. godine utvrđen je trend smanjivanja broja pregledanih osoba (y= -6,9+304, R2=0,78; p<0,05), s 263 na 50 osoba. Broj osoba koje su primile antirabičnu zaštitu u promatranome se periodu povećao (y=0,95+19, R2=0,24; p<0,05). U navedenome vremenskom razdoblju pregledano je 7.678 osoba, od kojih je 1.318 (17,2%) primilo imunoprofilaksu. Imunizirano je 42,3% (558/1.318) osoba ženskoga spola i 57,7% osoba muškoga spola (760/1.318). Najveći broj osoba imuniziran je zbog ozljede, ogrebotine, kontakta od nepoznate, uginule, odlutale, ubijene ili divlje životinje (N=1005) (grupa C) te zbog ozljede, ogrebotine i kontakta sa životinjom pozitivnom na bjesnoću (N=155) (grupa A). Osobe su najčešće imunizirane zbog ozljede, ogrebotine i kontakta sa psom (752/1318; 61,4%). Godine 2011. zabilježena je posljednja osoba koja je imunizirana zbog kontakta s dokazano bijesnom životinjom. Zaključak: U 35 godina rada antirabične ambulante na području grada Rijeke nije zabilježena bjesnoća u ljudi, što se pripisuje učinkovitim mjerama antirabične zaštite. Multidisciplinarni pristup pokazao se najučinkovitijim u smanjenju pobola od bjesnoće u životinja te posljedično sprječavanju pojave bjesnoće u ljudi na području Primorsko-goranske županije i Republike Hrvatske. Međutim, neizostavno mjesto u prevenciji bjesnoće u ljudi i dalje ima antirabična imunoprofilaksa. |
| Abstract (english) | Aim: To present the characteristics of rabies preventive measures at the Antirabies Clinic at the Epidemiological Department of the Teaching Institute for Public Health Rijeka, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, in the period from 1986 to 2021. Respondents and methods: In this study, data from anti-rabies surveys included in the annual reports submitted to the Ministry of Health Rabies Reference Center were used. Persons who received antirabies protection (immunoprophylaxis – vaccination against rabies with or without human rabies immunoglobulin) were mostly residents of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, dominantly from the city of Rijeka and its surroundings. Results: In the period from 1986 to 2021, a decreasing trend in the number of examined persons at the Antirabies Clinic was determined (y=–6.9+304, R2=0.78; p<0.05), from 263 to 50 persons. During the study period the number of people who received protection against rabies increased (y=0.95+19, R2=0.24; p<0.05).In this period 7678 persons were examined, out of which 1318 received immunoprophylaxis(17.2%).
A total of 42.3% of females(558/1318) and 57.7% of males (760/1318) were immunized. Most people were vaccinated because of scratches, contacts from unknown, dead, stray, killed or wild animals (N=1005) (group C), or because of scratches and contacts with an animal tested positive for rabies (N=155) (group A). People were most often treated with antirabies treatment due to scratches or contact with a dog (752/1318; 57.1%). In 2011, the last person to receive antirabies treatment due to the contact with an animal tested positive for rabies was recorded. Conclusion: In 35 years of operation of the Antirabies Clinic in Rijeka, no rabies cases have been recorded in humans, which can be attributed to effective antirabies protection measures. The multidisciplinary approach has proven to be the most effective in reducing the incidence of rabies in animals and consequently preventing the occurrence of rabies in humans from the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and the Republic of Croatia. However, human anti-rabies immunoprophylaxis still plays an indispensable role in the prevention of rabies. |
