Iron is a metal that is essential for the normal functioning of the human body as it plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes. Its distribution, absorption, transportation, recycling, and storage in the human body are precisely regulated by the interaction of various molecules. This prevents iron deficiency or excess, which can lead to diseases such as anemia or hemochromatosis. The majority of iron in the body is found in the heme form, with a significantly smaller amount in the non-heme form. Most of the iron in the body is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells and stored in the liver. Iron is obtained through food intake, and the absorption in the intestines and its regulation are of utmost importance. The hepcidin model, or hepcidin, plays a crucial role in this process as the main regulator of iron homeostasis, controlling iron absorption through its interaction with ferroportin. To reach individual cells for their metabolic needs or storage, iron is transported in the blood bound to transferrin. The transferrin-iron complex binds to the target cell via the transferrin receptor, releasing iron into the cell, and transferrin returns to the circulation, completing the "transferrin cycle." The majority of iron is recycled with the help of macrophages, after which it can be reused for the production of red blood cells. The main forms of iron storage in the body are ferritin and hemosiderin. A comprehensive overview of iron physiology in humans helps understand the role of this crucial element in maintaining health, provides a basis for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in any form of iron homeostasis disorders, and allows further research that can contribute to improving the health and quality of life of people.