Male infertility is a prevalent reproductive disorder that affects a significant proportion of couples worldwide. Although various factors contribute to male infertility, recent research has shed light on the key role genetics play in this condition. This thesis provides a comprehensive summary of the genetic factors associated with male infertility, exploring both chromosomal abnormalities and specific gene mutations that affect male fertility. Understanding the genetic basis of male infertility is critical to the development of effective diagnostic tools, personalized treatments, and genetic counseling strategies. Chromosomal abnormalities play a significant role in male infertility, with a wide range of structural and numerical anomalies implicated. This section discusses common chromosomal abnormalities, such as Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), Y chromosome microdeletions, and reciprocal translocations. It emphasizes their influence on spermatogenesis, hormonal imbalance and overall fertility. Several individual gene mutations have been identified as contributing factors to male infertility. This section focuses on genes associated with spermatogenesis, including the CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), which is associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), and the AR gene (androgen receptor), associated with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Kallmann's syndrome is also the result of a genetic change in DNA, and manifests itself as a congenital form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.