Epigenetic changes include all modifications affecting expression of genes without changing the nucleotide sequence of the genome. Most studied epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone alterations and non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark, protecting the genome during gametogenesis and early embryo development. Demethylation process is a genome-wide event, taking place in two distinct waves during gametogenesis. The first event helps restore naïve pluripotency of the zygote, while the second event aids the loss of parental epigenetic memory and facilitates specification of gametes. Histone modifications were recognized in murine and human primordial germ cells where their subsets condense chromatin protecting it from dynamic changes taking place during gamete maturation. Deacetylation of histones was recognized as an important prerequisite of chromosomal segregation during metaphase II. Germline-specific ncRNAs, piRNA is important in inhibiting transposon activity during gametogenesis, protecting overall genome stability. All epigenetic changes are prone to disruption, especially by exogenous factors. In recent years, connection between ARTs and its effects on epigenome remodeling of gametes gained importance. The idea was that medical procedures done to oocytes with the aim of achieved pregnancy could harm these delicate processes and lead to disease. Even though this hypothesis requires more research, a subtle link between the two was discovered. The aim of this thesis is to mention the major epigenetic modifications crucial for normal oocyte and embryo development, all while highlighting their role in reproductive disorders and ART.