Sideropenic anemia is a global challenge that affects 24.8% of the world's population, i.e.1.62 billion people. It is the result of disturbed iron homeostasis due to pathological storage, intake and/or loss of iron in the body, which leads to disturbances in the functioning of erythropoiesis. Although sideropenic anemia has been known for a long time, there are still unknown pathophysiological components and room for improvement in methods of treatment and diagnosis of sideropenic anemia. This paper presents the latest findings on the pathophysiology of iron metabolism and its impact on the human body, which is expressed through recognizable symptoms of all organs and tissues such as: restless legs syndrome, cognitive impairment, tendency to depression and anxiety, pica syndrome, pagophagia, symptoms of erectile dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy and a number of others. By timely recognition and treatment of sideropenic anemia, we are proven to reduce the extent of symptoms, diagnostic and treatment costs, reduce the risks of poor outcomes in patients with multiple comorbidities and significantly improve the quality of life and functional abilities of patients with sideropenic anemia.