Title AUTOIMUNA BOLEST ŠTITNE ŽLIJEZDE I TRUDNOĆA
Author Simona Marčec
Mentor Tatjana Bogović Crnčić (mentor)
Committee member Svjetlana Grbac-Ivanković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Sanja Klobučar-Majanović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Tea Štimac (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of Nuclear Medicine) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2022, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Nuclear Medicine
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Gynecology and Obstetrics
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Internal Medicine
Abstract Autoimuna bolest štitne žlijezde čest je poremećaj tijekom trudnoće. Majčino tijelo brojnim
promjenama u funkciji, morfologiji i anatomiji štitne žlijezde prilagođava se vlastitim
povećanim potrebama, ali i potrebama fetusa. Fetus je do početka drugog tromjesečja trudnoće
ovisan o majčinim hormonima štitnjače koji su važni za njegov normalan neurološki razvoj.
Bitno je prije i tijekom trudnoće unositi dovoljne količine joda za normalan rad i majčine i
fetalne štitnjače.
Hipotireoza je stanje smanjene funkcije štitne žlijezde. Najčešći uzrok hipotireoze u trudnoći
u razvijenim zemljama je autoimuni Hashimotov tireoiditis, a simptomima i znakovima može
sličiti trudnoći. Autoimuna hipotireoza povezana je s brojnim neželjenim ishodima trudnoće
kao što su spontani pobačaj, prijevremeni porođaj, ali i negativnim utjecajem na
neurokognitivni razvoj djeteta. Zbog toga je neobično važno svaku buduću ili novootkrivenu
trudnicu podvrgnuti kliničkoj procjeni, odnosno uputiti na probir za hipotireozu. Ako se
dijagnostičkim postupcima utvrdi hipotireoza, pristupa se liječenju levotiroksinom.
Tireotoksikoza najčešće nastaje kao posljedica hipertireoze, a dva najčešća uzroka u trudnoći
su gestacijska tranzitorna tireotoksikoza i autoimuna hipertireoza ili Gravesova bolest.
Hipertireoza može biti prikrivena trudnoćom, no znakovi poput guše i orbitopatije mogu
upućivati na hipertireozu. Iako rjeđa nego hipotireoza, i hipertireoza može imate fatalne
posljedice za majku, samu trudnoću i za fetus – zabilježeni su spontani pobačaji, prijevremeni
porođaji, mrtvorođenost, kongestivno zatajenje srca majke. Dijagnostičkim postupcima
isključuje se najprije gestacijska tranzitorna tireotoksikoza kao mogući uzrok, a ukoliko se
potvrdi autoimuna hipertireoza, pristupa se liječenju. Prvi izbor su antitireoidni lijekovi, i to
propiltiouracil, a ukoliko postoji indikacija, napravi se tireoidektomija.
Abstract (english) Autoimmune thyroid disease is common during pregnancy. The mother’s body adapts by
numerous changes in the function, morphology and anatomy of the thyroid gland to its own
increased needs, and to the needs of the fetus. Until the beginning of the second trimester, the
fetus is dependent on the maternal thyroid hormones which are important for its normal
neurological development. Adequate iodine intake is important before and during pregnancy
for normal functioning of both mother’s and fetal thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism is a condition of decreased thyroid function. The most common cause of
hypothyroidism in developed countries is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, with symptoms and signs
similar to those in pregnancy. Autoimmune hypothyroidism is associated with number of
unwanted pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage, premature birth, but also with a negative
impact on the neurocognitive child development. Therefore, screening for thyroid dysfunction
in pregnant women or women planning pregnancy is extremely important. If hypothyroidism
is diagnosed, levothyroxine treatment is initiated.
Thyrotoxicosis occurs as a consequence of hyperthyroidism, and the two most common causes
in pregnancy are gestational transient thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune Graves' disease.
Although less common than hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism can have fatal consequences for
both mother and fetus – spontaneous abortions, premature births, stillbirths, congestive heart
failure have been reported. If gestational transient thyrotoxicosis is ruled out as a possible
cause, and autoimmune hyperthyroidism is confirmed, treatment is initiated. The first choice
is implementation of antithyroid drugs, and if there are contraindications for drug therapy,
surgery is recommended.
Keywords
autoimuna hipotireoza
autoimuna hipertireoza
trudnoća
Keywords (english)
autoimmune hypothyroidism
autoimmune hyperthyroidism
pregnancy
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:173820
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2022-07-08 08:52:11