Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of renal tumors in adults and makes 2-3% of all cancers with the highest incidence in the Western world. In Croatia, the mortality rate continues to demonstrate its growth. According to the Croatian National Cancer Registry from 2013, the incidence of kidney cancer was 15,6 per 100000 inhabitants. It is proven the predominance of incidence in men, on average between sixty and seventy years of age. The main etiological factors include cigarette smoking, obesity and hypertension. Renal cell caancer involves a broad range of histopatological entities. All hereditary forms of kidney cancer have a defect of VHL gene, which may occur due to its mutation or deletion, and is involved in the formation of more than 60% of sporadic clear cell RCC. Kidney carcinomas have a high tendency to metastasize following unpredictable patterns of spread. In about 17% of patients the metastasis were found already at the first examination and pulmonary parenchyma is the usually proven metastatic site. There are numbers of modern therapeutic approaches for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma which are often combined because of the unpredictability of response to therapy, and include cytoreductive nephrectomy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. Targeted therapy is based on the actions of drugs on vascular endothelial growth factor.