Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of ribonuclear protein IMP3 in laryngeal carcinogenesis, together with other biomarkers of carcinogenesis (Ki-67, p53 and cyclin D1), and to evaluate their predictive values. Methods: The study included 153 patients divided into three groups: 68 operated for primary invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) ; 41 with precancerous lesions of atypical and abnormal hyperplasia ; 44 with hyperplastic laryngeal nodule without atypia. Tissue microarray technique was used for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: All markers showed statistically significant differences between the three groups.The percentage of IMP3 positive cells is statistically significantly higher in LSCC group in comparison to precancerosis and control group. The percentage of Ki-67 positive cells is statistically significantly higher in LSCC group in comparison to precancerosis and control group. The percentage of p53 positive cells in LSCC group is statistically significantly higher than the control group and higher, but not statistically significant, than the precancerosis group. The percentage of cyclin D1 positive cells is statistically significantly higher in LSCC group than in precancerosis group and higher, but not statistically significant, than in the control group. All analyzed markers have good predictive values (AUC &gt ; 0.6), but the percentage of IMP3 positive cells is the only statistically significant marker in predicting whether the patient has LSCC or not. Conclusion: Expression of Ki-67 and pronouncedly IMP3 generally follow the same pattern where control and precancerosis are similar and LSCC significantly differs, as opposed to p53 and cyclin D1. This implies that, if precancerosis is radically surgically treated before the transformation of molecular phenotype takes place (increase in IMP3 and Ki- 67 expression, further increase in p53 and re- increase in cyclin D1 expression, all coinciding with malignant transformation), we can consider the case clinically “most probably solved”. IMP3 expression increase possibly has an important diagnostic, therapeutic (in terms of the need for additional therapy after surgery) and prognostic value. Further studies on the exact molecular mechanisms behind it are, of course, needed.