The healthcare risk management in medical institutions is directed towards a preventive reduction of unwanted events which can be minimized by constant supervision and implementation of legalization and policies. This paper is based on the research of potential risks in a specialized medical institution which can have a harmful impact on the health and safety of the patients during their stay in the institution. The research has been conducted during one year in a hospital specialized for treating mental disorders and diseases, as well as rehabilitation of the mentally ill. The research consisted of the analysis of microbiological cleanness, as well as food safety and quality. A professional inspection of disinfection, disinsectization and disinfestation measures was also conducted, and the efficiency of the equipment for waste water purification was inspected also. The emission of polluting materials in the air has been measured as well. The results of this research didn’t indicate any significant deviation from the legal regulations which regulate the conditions in medical institutions. Some inconsistencies have been shown in the total energy value of individual all-day meals and in the area of the hospital kitchen where minor construction and technical damage was found as well as traces of insecticides. The rest of the researched parameters gave satisfactory results. This research indicates the need of continual investment in technical, sanitary, and hygienic conditions in hospitals with the aim to control the potential risks, and in doing so, protect the health of the patients.