Patient with CKD that didn’t start his treatment on time will reach ESRD for sure. In this last fifth stage function of kidneys is irreversibly lost or drastically diminished and without renal replacement therapy patient would soon lose his life. That’s why we need to warn basic population how important regular controls of kidney function is in discovering and slowing down the progress of CKD and progression to ESRD. When patient reach ESRD we have highly developed methods of renal replacement therapy (hemo and peritoneal dialysis) and renal transplantation which is proven to be the best method. Transplantation have rich history, great doctors and scientists who dedicated their lives to developing this extraordinary method of treatment. Today with development of fields like immunosuppression, preservation and storage of organ, techniques and protocols, transplantation teams and programs we reached high stages of success. Republic of Croatia is in top of world transplantation. KBC Rijeka and Urology department are flagship of Croatian hospitals with highest number of successful explantations and transplantations. Future goals of transplantation are to increase number of living donors, increase number of pre-emptive transplantations and increase patient and graft survivability. Experimental animal models of renal transplantation are the key of future transplantation development. With highly educated and professionally trained transplantation teams and scientist future of transplantation is bright.