Vagus, the longest cranial nerve, whose area of innervation extends to the structure of the head, neck, thoracic and abdominal cavities. Vagus is the mixed nerve that is composed of sensitive, motor, and parasympathetic fibers. The origin of the vagus nerve nucleus is in the medulla oblongata. The sensory fibers of the vagus flow continuously, without forming synapses, directly from the target effectors to the nuclei of the solitary and spinal trigeminal tract, where afferent information is processed and transmitted to the posterior motor nucleus of the vagus and ambiguous nucleus. Preganglionic neurons residing in the posterior motor nucleus project their fibers onto the intramural ganglia, where they form synapses with neurons, of which shorter postganglionic fibers extend to the target site. The afferent fibers of the ambiguous nucleus innervate the striated musculature essential for phonation and swallowing. Afferent fibers make up 80% of vagus fibers. The vagus has densely distributed afferent fibers through the layers of the stomach and small intestine. The terminations of these fibers respond predominantly to mechanical and chemical stimuli to trigger satiety signals. These fibers end up in the central nervous system and the signals conducted by them lead to the activation of the region can be involved in the regulation of food intake. Mechanoreceptors register mainly with food caused by the growth of the stomach. Chemoreceptors register various chemical stimuli, and afferent endings in the lamina propria of the mucosa are not in contact with the luminal contents, so the mechanisms of chemosensation are facilitated by intestinal wall epithelial cells. Given the vagus role in controlling food intake and stimulating posture, obesity was attempted by electrostimulation of the vagus. The result was the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effect of vagal electrostimulation.