The term cranial base represents the bottom skeletal part of the cranium on which the brain rests as well as a few centimeters of the beginning of the cranial vault. The cranial base has two sides, the basis cranii interna is the upper side facing the cranial cavity while the lower side, basis cranii externa forms the lower outer part of the cranium. The inner base of the cranium is divided into three cranial fossae: anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa, while its outer surface can be divided into three fields: anterior, middle and posterior field. Fractures of the cranial base in most cases occur as a result of falling and impact of the head on a hard surface or as a result of a strong force on the cranium. According to the shape of the fracture, they are divided into linear fractures (which include longitudinal and transverse fractures), ring fractures and distant fractures, while according to the cranial base in which the fracture occurs, fractures can be divided into anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa fractures. Each of these fractures is unique: they have different shapes, different localizations, they affect different bones and anatomical structures at the base and adjacent to the base of the cranium and each of them is caused by forces of different origins, different strengths and directions of spread, so for a doctor who practices forensic medicine and criminology it is of utmost importance to know the specifics and forensic significance of each individual type of the cranial base fracture.