Blood finding in urine is called hematuria. Hematuria is divided into microhematuria and gross hematuria. Gross hematuria is „by eye― visible discoloration of urine, while microhematuria represents the term that is impossible to determine by inspection yet is necessary to do urinalysis. Although definitions vary microhematuria represents finding of 5 or more erythrocytes in the urine sediment. The causes of hematuria can be: non-glomerular and glomerular. The most common non-glomerular causes of hematuria are: urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, and malignant diseases. The most common glomerular causes of hematuria are: benign familial hematuria, glomerulonephritis and Alport's syndrome. The diagnostic protocol in evaluation of hematuria includes: anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and imaging diagnostic tests. Anamnesis is necessary to make distinction between microhaematuria and gross hematuria. In the case of gross hematuria, it is important to find out how long does discoloration of urine last, are there any accompanying symptoms, whether pain or burning sensation is present while urinating and if there is a positive family medical history of hematuria. In the case of microhematuria it is important to evaluate patient minutely. Laboratory diagnosis includes urinalysis and urine cytology, if there is suspicion of malignancy. From urinalysis information about number and morphology of cells, presence of casts and proteins in urine is obtained. Urine cytology is a laboratory diagnostic test inferior to cystoscopy, because of its noninvasiveness, it is diagnostically more "attractive" to patients with hematuria. The last diagnostic step in evaluation of patients with hematuria are imaging diagnostic tests combined with invasive diagnostic tests such as: cystoscopy. The method od choice is ultrasound, which is used before invasive diagnostic tests such as: urethrocystoscopy and explorative ureterorenoscopy. The first line consists of: conventional radiography, intravenous urography and ultrasound. The most acceptable imaging diagnostic test from the first line of imaging diagnostic test is ultrasound. Ultrasound does not emit ionizing radiation and because of its relatively low price and availability is the most widely used diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of hematuria. Imaging diagnostic tests of second line are: CT urography and MR urography. Listed tests are the most sensitive and most specific in the detection of tumor masses and distant metastases, but because of its flaws, namely: high price and high radiation doses (CT), they belong in secondary diagnostic protocol of evaluating causes of hematuria. Cystoscopy is the most frequent use invasive diagnostic procedure.