Noncommunicable diseases represent leading issue in public healthcare in most of the countries in the world. Least developed countries often have poor hygiene standards and health protection, therefore a larger number of cases people suffering from communicable diseases. Rest of the countries are experiencing a decrease in death from communicable diseases and an increase from noncommunicable chronic diseases. That is why is important to act on risk factors that we are able to influence. Cardiovascular and malignant diseases are counting a concerning number of illness and death in the world, as well as in Republic of Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyze and expose leading causes of death of women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in Primorsko-goranska County in the period from 2011 to 2015. This thesis uses data from routine health statistics on causes of death from the Register of causes of death of the Croatian Institute of Public Health in the period from 2011 to 2015 and data of population according to Census of Population, Households and Dwellings from year 2011, published by Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Codes of causes of death are marked according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision). Data were processed by descriptive methods and presented as absolute numbers, general and age-specific death rates. By analyzing this five-year period, it has been proven that noncommunicable diseases are the leading group of causes of death of women of reproductive age. Groups of diseases that record the largest number of deaths are: neoplasms; injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes; and diseases of the circulatory system. Lead cause of death is malignant neoplasm of breast, that tracks the biggest number of cases and frequency of all diagnoses each year, except year 2014.