Performing endodontic and endodontic surgical treatment requires a combination of inseparable components such as handiness, science and skill. Handiness and skills include the knowing and ability to manage work techniques and procedures necessary for successful mechanical and chemical treatment of root canals and wide surgical field, and on the other side, science includes knowing of basic and clinical knowledge about biology, microbiology, physics and pathology of anatomic structures, leading to the principles and techniques of work, supported by scientific facts (1). Surgical endodontic treatment conducted according to the principles of modern surgical techniques, special instruments and high-quality materials that have been in the last 20-30 years really improved, is very predictable treatment method with a high degree of success. For retrograde root canal filling it has been used a lot of different materials, some of them have been abandoned for a long time, some are still in use, a lot is invested in the development of new materials. Especially the current materials used for retrograde root canal filling, such as MTA, Super-EBA, IRM, are associated with excellent results of endodontic surgical treatment. In this paper, using the available literature, are introduced and described retrofilling materials. Clearly is described the process of apicoectomy with retrograde filling of the root canal. Specified are the reasons for the application of endodontic surgery, and its contraindications. This paper presents two cases of surgical treatment of the teeth, apicoectomy with retrograde filling of the root canal due to previously failed conservative endodontic treatment. In both cases, the symptoms of pathological periapical lesions are postoperatively retreated, but unfortunately, patients after removing the stitches did not come up the control exam, and that is why we have no data of long-term treatment success.