The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and to compare numerous older and more recent articles, and to see whether there is a difference between older and newer achievements in sealing methods, materials and techniques used today, and conclude which methods and materials show better results. The material for fissure sealing creates a physical barrier preventing the accumulation of microorganisms and food inside the fissures and prevents the formation of initial caries lesions. The prevailing view is that teeth should be sealed within 4 years from their eruption. Research results show similarities with clinical results which show a lower incidence of dental caries if fissure sealing is performed. The material of choice for fissure sealing is low viscosity resin based sealants and flow type composite sealants, because they show superior retention compared to glassionomer cement. It is generally accepted that the quality of the material depends on long-term retention. Better retention of the materials was achieved with a pre-treatment of enamel by etching with 37% phosphoric acid, rather than by use of air abrasion. The conclusions obtained by reviewing the literature show that newer fissure sealing techniques, which use new generation materials, speak for reduced dental caries prevalence. The advantage of flow type composites and low viscosity resin based sealants over the glassionomer cements is indisputable, as well as the use of the etching technique as a pretreatment of the enamel before sealing fissures over the preparation of enamel with air abrasion.