Human salivary gland system consists of three pairs of large glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual) and of large number of small glands. Smaller glands include palatal, labial, buccal, lingual and pharyngeal glands. Non-cancer diseases of the salivary glands encompass functional disorders, developmental disorders, acute and chronic inflammation which are withal the most common ones. Furthermore,cystic changes in the salivary glands, sialolithiasis, benign lymphoepithelial lesion, sialadenosis and other lesions involving necrotizing sialometaplasia, Cheilitis glandularis and Kussmaul's disease. The tumors of the salivary glands occur in 3% of the total number of all head and neck tumors. Most of the tumors are revealed within the large salivary glands; from 64% to 80% of tumors occur in the parotid gland, while 10-20% occur in the small glands, most frequently on the palate. Approximately 80% of parotid gland tumors are benign, and 80% of benign tumors constitue tumor mixtus. All malignant tumors of the salivary glands may occur in the parotid but among the most common ones is mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The highest rate of malignant tumors occur within the sublingual gland and the percentage of benign tumors within itreduces to 20%.. Risk factors causing the development of the tumors are exposure to radiation and electromagnetic waves, smoking and alcohol. The tumors are usually manifested as asymptomatic nodules that patients palpate. Metastasis occur most often in the lungs, liver, brain and in the long bones. The most commonly used diagnostic methods are ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration. The treatment of salivary gland tumor is primarily surgical, radiation therapy is used only if needed.