Due to the significant increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in recent decades they have taken on dimensions of global "epidemic". The fact that it happened during a relatively short period of time suggests that the major cause are changes in environmental factors. Preventive measures consist of a modification of environmental factors. Recommended interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of allergic sensitization are exclusive breastfeeding up to the age of four to six months of life, and then its continuation until at least until 6 months of age with the introduction of complementary foods . Other recommended primary prevention measures include the use of hydrolysed formulas in high-risk children, who may not be exclusively breastfed and the supplemetation of probiotics and prebiotics in pregnant women, nursing mothers and infants. All these measures are based on weak evidence and therefore of questionable effectiveness. That is the reason why there is a need to review their effectiveness in the future. Avoiding allergens for the purpose of primary prevention is not advised because there is no evidence suggesting the benefits of such intervention. Allergen-specific immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory drug therapy and elimination of allergens are measures recommended for secondary and tertiary prevention of atopic disease.