Refractive errors are a global problem today, reflecting a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and its optical power. Myopia is a type of refractive error in which parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused in front of the retina without accommodation of the eye. In hyperopia, parallel rays of light coming from infinity are focused behind the neurosensory retina without accommodation of the eye. Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging, which occurs due to the progressive functional decline of the accommodative ability of the crystalline lens. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error characterized by unequal refraction of light in different meridians. Refractive surgery is a subfield of ophthalmology that deals with the surgical correction of refractive errors of the human eye. It can be divided into corneal refractive surgery, which uses excimer laser techniques and incisional procedures, and lens refractive surgery. The most commonly used method is LASIK, which is performed under local anesthesia. The operation is performed by first creating a flap, then ablating the cornea with an excimer laser, after which the flap is returned to its place. Refractive errors can be corrected in several ways, with glasses, contact lenses, orthokeratology and refractive surgery methods. The advantage of glasses is that there is no direct contact with the eyes and they are relatively easy to replace, but aesthetically they do not suit some people, they need to be kept clean, carried with them, and they do not cover the entire field of vision. Contact lenses solve the last problem of glasses, but since they are in direct contact with the eye, they are the most common cause of infections than all other methods. Refractive surgery methods have a low rate of complications and high efficiency, but cause irreversible damage to the eye and much higher costs of treating the complications themselves. From the patient's economic point of view, the cost of refractive surgery at that moment is high, but compared to the costs of replacing, repairing or losing glasses or contact lenses over the years, it turns out to be smaller. A preoperative assessment is essential to determine whether the patient is a good candidate for surgery. Areas of evaluation include age, type and degree of refractive error, followed by a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, after which all details are explained to the patient. In order to minimize complications and maximize success, there are numerous contraindications for these procedures, such as: diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, vascular collagen disorders, thyroid diseases, and abnormal wound healing. In addition, there are ophthalmological contraindications for tear film disorders, disorders that can be worsened by photoablation, corneal topography abnormalities, and non-refractive sources of reduced vision. The most common complication is dry eye, then an incompletely corrected error, halo, difficulty driving at night due to glare and infections. Most of them can be prevented with good post-operative care.