Summary Aim: The aim of our study was to determine which muscles are active during the performance of the Pilates exercise. Beside that, we were investigated whether Pilates exercise influence on body posture, respiration and physical condition. Also we were studied the effect of this exercises on different pathophysiological condition of the musculoskeletal system Methods: The study was performed on 30 females aged 20-50 years old who practiced Pilates two to tree times per week. For Pilates performance they used swish ball and weights of a half of a kilogram. The sets of exercises were divided into three groups: exercises for the upper extremities, exercises for the trunk and back and exercises for the lower extremities. Results: The results of the survey show that 33% of the subjects were aged 20-30 years, data show that 43% of subjects had university education, 63% of the subjects took up the exercise method in order to maintain physical fitness and recreation, 37% due to some medical conditions. The answers to the question about the effects of exercises on the improvement of their health were positive in as much as 83%, 77% of the subjects believed that the exercises had a positive influence on their mood and concentration, as much as 90% of the surveyed women thought that exercises improved their posture. Conclusion: Each Pilates exercise activate great number of muscles, straight the muscle power and flexibility and as a results the muscles responsible for supporting skeletal structure were stronger.