Waste is created as a consequence of everyday human activities, it has an important impact on the environment and people's lives. This results in the need for active and efficient waste management. One of the ways of waste management is “Waste-to-Energy”. Considering the fact that in the Republic of Croatia there are no active waste-to-energy plants, the possibilities of energy recovery of waste in the Republic of Croatia are displayed through the calculation of combined heat and power generation using municipal solid waste that is generated on state territory as the fuel source. The quantity of electricity that can potentially be produced from municipal solid waste by the thermal treatment in the Republic of Croatia is between 1.02% and 3.26% of the total electricity consumption in the Republic of Croatia. The quantity of heat that can be produced is between 343,652 GJ per year and 1,099,683 GJ per year. The impact of waste-to-energy plants on the environment and public health is presented via pollutant emissions data collected from existing waste-to-energy plants in fifteen EU member states and Norway. Waste-to-energy plants, which are equipped with adequate flue gas cleaning systems, emit pollutants quantities that are below the prescribed emission levels, having ultimately no harmful impact on the environment and public health. Apart from the prioritising of waste management, the energy recovery of waste is both an environmental-friendly and health-friendly option aimed towards the reducing of the total amount of waste, at the same time delivering an efficient production of electricity and heat. In addition, the European Union has set certain requirements regarding waste management that will be difficult to fulfill without the application of waste-to-energy processes. Accordingly, it is necessary to consider its application in the Republic of Croatia.